PATRICIA CLARK, DEBORAH BUTTERFIELD AND JOAN MITCHELL

From Grand Rapids, Michigan to Baltimore, Maryland, the poet Patricia Clark is always searching for artists to study, and to be inspired by. In the last couple of years she has visited the work of two such artists. A newly installed sculpture by Deborah Butterfield on a rooftop balcony at Grand Valley State University at its Downtown Campus. And a few months later, on a trip to Baltimore, a pilgrimage of sorts to the Joan Mitchell Retrospective Exhibition at the Baltimore Museum of Art.

Just last year, 7 September 2023 to be exact, I attended a reading by Patricia Clark at the Poetry on Brick Street Series in Zionsville, Indiana. It was there, reading from a selection of her latest work, that I heard her read two new works, these ones on Deborah Butterfield and Joan Mitchell.

Joan Mitchell
“Weeds”
Installation view:
Joan Mitchell Retrospective Exhibition,
Baltimore Museum of Art,
2022

Situated in a prairie like setting at the Meijer Gardens and Sculpture Park in Grand Rapids is an isolated crazing horse by Deborah Butterfield1. It has a natural like stance and bend to its neck, standing in this open space. Further downtown, in fact near the very center of the city and elevated to the top of a Grand Valley State University classroom building, is another one of these pieces.

Deborah Butterfield
“Cabin Creek”
1999
Bronze
88” x 122.5: x 30.5”
Meijer Sculpture Garden and Park
Grand Rapids, Michigan

Char: Above the City
–for Nathan, Joel, and Alison

“On a rooftop downtown at the edge
of the building where they’ve planted succulents
stands a horse blackened by fire
called Char by its maker Deborah Butterfield.
The artist scoured a smoky ravaged forest
in California, picking up branches, limbs,
burnt saplings, then brought these to her studio
where she fashioned them into the shape of a horse.
During the process, taking weeks, Butterfield often dreams
of horses. This one grazing in a meadow
where red-tipped grass waved against its belly, seeds
catching in its long tail. Horse has become the artist’s
mirror self, a dream figure made manifest.
After the studio, a foundry, a way to cast
wood into metal, finally pouring
bronze for the final sculpture. The workers made marks
in metal to resemble wood, adding a patina black
as night sky. Char looks east into clouds
above our city, ignoring for past weeks
the haze from Canada wildfires, not pricking
its ears in terror or flipping its tail.
Char is more skeleton than mass, negative space
allowing us to glimpse what’s been ruined and where
we stand, on the edge, barely able to breathe.”2

Deborah Butterfield
“Char”
2021
Bronze
82.5″ x 102.5″ x 33″
Center for Interprofessional Health,
Grand Valley State University,
Grand Rapids, Michigan

In the Spring of 2019 I visited the Baltimore Art Museum in order to see the Joan Mitchell Retrospective3. It was the first time I had returned to Baltimore in so many years and certain sites were hard to remember. We arrived early, way before our scheduled entry time, not crowded at all so the guards waved us right on in. When I mentioned this to Patricia Clark later, back in the Mid-West, she stated that she and her husband Stanley Krohmer, who had also studied in Baltimore, were planning a very similar trip, and specifically to see the Joan Mitchell Retrospective.

One really important element to all of Mitchell’s work is her affinity with other artists and poets of her generation. Several of her paintings have inspired writers and writers have inspired her in both her paintings and her poem pastels.

These include James Schyler, Eileen Myles, Frank O’Hara and John Ashbery. Below is Patricia Clark’s poem in response to this exhibition.

Painter Joan Mitchell Pulls Me Up

“What was in the air was leaf-fall, the rot
of the year’s perennials and annuals, stems

and blossom ends done for, going back to earth.
I couldn’t move for being caught by the suck

of quicksand, a clump of blue feathers smacked
on a window from a hit. Here I am on a cold Friday

and to my amazement the painter Joan
Mitchell reaches for me, from her oil

on canvas, a diptych called Weeds,
grabbing a hold of me, saying ‘Here,

take my hand!’ There’s something about
her seeming riot of marks that’s giving

a calming and cooling effect. It’s cobalt blue,
orange, tawny, and flecked with white,

even a spot or two of sage, and I see
the trail-side at Huff Park with tall

teasel, Queen Anne’s lace, and a waving
frond of goldenrod or a flat-topped

white aster. Each year I’m caught watching
this awakening starting up in early spring,

a mere sprout or two at first, then
climbing, growing, a stem hoisting itself up

all season till it’s five feet high,
shedding petals, pollen and seeds. Not

a riot at all, a cyclic process of
great determination, genetics, chance . . .”

Joan Mitchell
“Weeds”
1976
Oil on canvas,
110 1/2” x 157 1/2”
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Washington, DC.

“. . . weather, sunlight, rain. Right now,
I’m bowing to the botanical display and to two

canvasses of supreme order, remembering
our visit to the Baltimore Art Museum, August,

standing in front of the actual paintings,
work as sturdy and wrought

as any palace. Then we went walking off
in a pack for lunch, having salad and Chesapeake oysters

on the half-shell along with a crisp
citrus tasting wine. Good friends, fellow

artists, a couple more hands to pull me
out of quicksand. Where do we turn, lost

on that trail, or sinking? The Baltimore light
was pure lemon as we strolled through

the galleries pointing, talking, saying
look at that magenta, violet, sage, her vision,

her ability to make these marks. The gleam of it
lasting as long as the light, what we call a day.”4


1 Kuspit, Donald, and Marcia Tucker; Horses: The Art of Deborah Butterfield; Lowe Art Museum, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, and Chronicle Books, San Francisco, California; 1992.

2 Clark, Patricia; “Char;” The Superstition Review; Arizona State University; Issue 32; Fall 2023.

3 Roberts, Sarah, and Katy Siegel, eds.; Joan Mitchell; Baltimore Museum of Art and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Yale University Press, New Haven and London; 2020.

4 Clark, Patricia; “Painter Joan Mitchell Pulls Me Up;” Nelle; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Issue 7; 2024.

JOAN MITCHELL, WALLACE STEVENS AND THE AMARYLLIS, THE HEMLOCK AND THE LINDEN TREE

There is a Joan Mitchell painting in the collection of the Indianapolis Museum of Art titled “Niege et fleurs” (“Snow and Flowers” in French) that was part of a special docent tour for the Contemporary Art Society a few years ago. This particular docent started out by insisting that the tourists pay no attention to the title of this painting. I thought that this was a shame, as this painting was exactly that: Snow and Flowers. Recently at the Baltimore Museum of Art, I walked into one of the galleries in the middle of the recent Joan Mitchell Retrospective and spied a large painting of a flower, an amaryllis, and that was exactly what it was: “La Grande Vallée II (Amaryllis).”1

Joan Mitchell
“La Grande Vallée II (Amaryllis)”
Oil on canvas
86 1/2” x 78 5/8”
© Estate of Joan Mitchell
Courtesy, Guggenheim, Asher Associates, New York.

Furthermore, the Baltimore exhibition used many examples of how the gardens and landscapes of France influenced Joan Mitchell’s paintings. It also referred to the many writers, poets who were Mitchell’s contemporaries and predecessors, and how they were so important to her work.

The post-war aesthetic community in New York City consisted of so many painters and poets. They all lived in a certain few neighborhoods and gathered at many of the same local galleries and bars. For Joan Mitchell, who was always interested in literature, especially poetry, this was a fertile environment. Amongst her life long friends and literary colleagues were: James Schyler, Eileen Myles, Pierre Schneider, Frank O’Hara and John Ashbery.

Beginning in 1955, Mitchell split much of her time living and working in both New York and France. After moving permanently to France in 1959, she continued her friendships with the poets of the New York School and become new friends with poets in France, including Jacques Dupin and J. J. Mitchell.

All the while, Joan Mitchell was both imagining and seeing this new landscape surrounding her. Flowers in her garden. The linden tree that was right outside her front door in France.

Joan Mitchell
“Tilleul”
1978
Oil on canvas
94 1/2” x 70 3/4”
Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris

These bits and pieces of nature, whether seen directly or out of the corner of one’s eye, always have the feel of movement and form. Haptic sensations of seeing and walking through the landscape, with a tacit understanding of the space immediately in front us.

And finally, there is this painting of a nearby hemlock. Mitchell was attracted to this form as it had been written about by Wallace Stevens. In 1916 Stevens had written of a peacock perching in a hemlock tree. Later taking off in flight. In this poem Stevens describes the movement of birds’ wings, the wind through the leaves of the trees, sensations of color and movement. The writing becomes physical, imagistic. The words becoming solid, like objects.

In the paintings of Joan Mitchell, there are certain guiding elements: the gestural brushstrokes, analogous and/or complementary color contrasts, and a space that is primarily felt as opposed to an illusion. There is no need for illustrating a thing, as the paint is that thing. The image is so strong and physical. And Mitchell’s painting “Hemlock” was inspired by this Wallace Stevens poem, “Domination of Black.”

“At night, by the fire,
The colors of the bushes
And of the fallen leaves,
Repeating themselves,
Turned in the room,
Like the leaves themselves
Turning in the wind.
Yes: but the color of the heavy hemlocks
Came striding.”

“I heard them cry—the peacocks.
Was it a cry against the twilight
Or against the leaves themselves
Turning in the wind,
Turning as the flames
Turned in the fire,
Turning as the tails of the peacocks 
Turned in the loud fire,
Loud as the hemlocks
Full of the cry of the peacocks?
Or was it a cry against the hemlocks?”

Joan Mitchell
“Hemlock”
1956
Oil on canvas
91” x 80”
Whitney Museum of American Art,
New York

“Out of the window,
I saw how the planets gathered
Like the leaves themselves
Turning in the wind.
I saw how the night came,
Came striding like the color of the heavy hemlocks….”2


1 Roberts, Sarah, and Katy Siegel, eds.; Joan Mitchell; Baltimore Museum of Art and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Yale University Press; New Haven and London; 2020; Plate 111.

2 Stevens, Wallace; “Domination of Black” Collected Poetry and Prose; The Library of America; New York, New York; 1997; p. 7.